| Subject | Contents |
| Definition | Splenomegaly is an enlargement of the spleen beyond its normal size. |
| Alternative Names | Spleen enlargement; Enlarged spleen |
| Considerations | The spleen is an organ involved in the production and maintenance of red blood cells, the production of certain circulating white blood cells, and is a part of the lymph system and the immune system. Because of its wide variety of functions, the spleen may be affected by many conditions involving the blood or lymph system, and by infection, malignancies, liver disease , and parasites. |
| Common Causes | Infections Infectious mononucleosis (EBV) Infectious mononucleosis (CMV) Other viral infections Parasitic infections Cat scratch disease Bacterial infections Diseases involving the liver Cirrhosis (portal vein obstruction, portal hypertension ) Sclerosing cholangitisWilson's diseaseBiliary atresiaCystic fibrosisHemolytic anemiasThalassemia Hemoglobinopathies Hemolytic anemia due to G6PD deficiencyIdiopathic autoimmune hemolytic anemiaImmune hemolytic anemia Cancer (malignancy) LeukemiaLymphomaHodgkin's disease Other causes Sarcoidosis Sickle cell splenic crisis Banti's syndrome Felty syndrome |
| Home Care | Rupture of the enlarged spleen is particularly possible in infectious mononucleosis and several other causes of splenomegaly. Appropriate limitation of activity, including avoiding contact sports, will help prevent trauma that might cause the spleen to rupture. Care will be required for the specific condition causing the splenomegaly. Follow the instructions given by your health care provider regarding appropriate care. |
| Call your health care provider if | Splenomegaly is usually detected during a physical examination by a health care provider. |
| What to expect at your health care provider's office | The medical history will be obtained and a physical examination performed. Medical history questions documenting splenomegaly in detail may include: When was the spleen enlargement first noted? Were you aware of a problem, or was it discovered by your health care provider during examination for something else? What other symptoms were also present (infectious symptoms, fevers, etc.)? Splenomegaly is noted by the health care provider during the physical examination. A detailed examination of the abdomen will probably be performed. Diagnostic tests may be required, including: Blood tests such as a CBC Tests for suspected causes Abdominal film or CT scan After seeing your health care provider: If a diagnosis was made by your health care provider as the cause of the splenomegaly, you may want to note that diagnosis in your personal medical record. |
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